CYRIL RAMAPHOSA|

ON this day 45 years ago, Stephen Bantu Biko died in police custody in Pretoria Central Prison.

Human dignity, the principle at the heart of his black consciousness activism, was denied him. In the words of the family lawyer Sir Sydney Kentridge, his was “a miserable and lonely death on a mat on a stone floor in a prison cell”.

It remains a source of great sorrow all these years later to recall that Steve Biko was just 30 years old when he died. He was cut down in his prime by those who feared the power and resonance of his ideas of self-liberation and his efforts to infuse black men and women with pride and dignity.

He never got to see in his lifetime what he called ‘the glittering prize’, the realisation of a true humanity. Writing about this ideal, he famously said: “In time we shall be in a position to bestow upon South Africa the greatest gift possible – a more human face.”

When we won our freedom in 1994, we understood that the right to vote was just one part of our struggle for human dignity.

Twenty-eight years into our democracy, we are confronted with many challenges, such as poverty, unemployment and inequality. As a result, we often lose sight of how far we have come in giving effect to the principles on which our Constitution is founded and that anchored Steve Biko’s thought and teachings.

In 1977 a heartless regime killed one of our country’s most promising leaders by depriving him of the food, water and medical treatment he urgently needed as a result of brutal beatings by the apartheid police.

Twenty years later, in a 1997 judgment, the Constitutional Court said that fulfilling the fundamental rights of every citizen and striving to achieve their socio-economic rights is the hallmark of a democratic society aiming to salvage lost dignity.

In South Africa today, we continue to work to fulfil the basic rights of every South African so that they may lead quality lives free of disease, hunger and deprivation.

Successive democratic administrations have implemented policies to salvage the lost dignity of this country’s majority by providing education, health care, housing and basic services.

In South Africa today, a decent education is a fundamental right. The state invests in early childhood development, in supporting learning outcomes for our youngest citizens, and provides social relief through school feeding programmes to ensure young learners achieve the best outcomes possible.

Through the National Student Financial Aid Scheme and various other forms of state support, thousands of young South Africans from poor backgrounds have been able to become doctors, lawyers, teachers, scientists, artisans and entrepreneurs.

The government supports poor and vulnerable citizens through an extensive social safety net and provides work opportunities through mass public employment programmes.

In the repressive South Africa in which Steve Biko died, freedom of speech was curtailed and political activism attracted detention or worse.

In South Africa today, young people of the same age as Steve Biko was and even younger are at the forefront of activism for causes closest to them, and they are able to organise free of harassment or banishment. Freedom of speech and association, the right to protest and the right to equality before the law is upheld for all.

As a country, we have come a long way towards the fulfilment of human dignity, the principle that Steve Biko so cherished. Yet, we still have so much further to go.

Without a job, without a house, electricity or running water, without land, without skills or opportunities, millions of South Africans are still deprived of the lives they seek and deserve. That is why government is working with social partners to build an inclusive economy, create employment, enable businesses to thrive and tackle poverty and hunger.

In considering the relevance of Steve Biko’s life and legacy, we recall his powerful call to the people to be architects of their own liberation. This call is as important now as it was back then.

We must be focused on addressing our challenges to achieve a truly free and equal society. We each need to play our part by using the foundational rights in our Constitution to build a South Africa free of poverty and hunger, underdevelopment, crime and violence.

As Steve Biko urged, let us march forth with courage and determination on our common quest for true humanity.

From the desk of the President

WITHIN a three-month period, the South African Police Service (SAPS) has reported more than 65 cases of violence at schools. In an effort to reduce this, the Department of Basic Education (DBE) has implemented certain safety measures.

From 1 April 2022 to 30 June 2022, the South African Police Service (SAPS) reported 58 rape cases and 15 murders committed on school premises. These cases of violence at schools have made learning environments unsafe and reduced the quality of education.

Learners affected by these acts of violence may tend to avoid school,  participate less in class, or even drop out of school because they don’t feel safe in the environment. Statistics have shown that exposure to violence increases the levels of anxiety, depression and psychological stress in learners, educators and support staff.

The Department of Basic Education (DBE) does a quarterly district monitoring exercise on all Safety in Education, Sport and Enrichment in Education, and Social Cohesion and Equity in Education programmes.

This monitoring exercise is reported in the Annual Performance Plan (APP), Indicator 5.1.3: Number of districts monitored in the implementation of the National School Safety Framework (NSSF), Social Cohesion, Sport and Enrichment Programmes. 

According to the DBE, the NSSF continues to stay their primary response to violence at schools. The framework coordinates and consolidates all school safety interventions in the sector. 

The NSSF depends on collaboration and partnerships to ensure a coordinated approach to responding to school violence. The framework ensures the following:

All schools have active school safety committees and school safety plans.School perimeters are secured (fenced) and access controls (guard and/or surveillance) are in place and managed.School codes of conduct are aligned with the Constitution of South Africa and child-protection legislation and are communicated and adopted/ agreed to by all school stakeholders.Corporal punishment is prohibited by law and alternative forms of discipline are enforced in all schools.Schools have systems in place to report violent incidences and criminal behaviour at a local police station, to district and provincial office bearers, and the South African Council for Educators (SACE).Schools have established relationships with their intergovernmental counterparts, which include the Departments of Social Development, and Health and Justice.

With regards to safety measures at schools, infrastructure plans are informed by the Audit of the Districts’ school fencing coverage which highlights the schools which need to be prioritised. Building relationships with intergovernmental counterparts are also very important to ensure services such as counselling, medical examinations and access to justice are in place.

For the 2022/23 period, the DBE is monitoring the implementation of the NSSF in 75 districts of the country. This includes monitoring how School Safety Committees are run.

According to the DBE, all provinces and districts have been committed to providing training to all schools to ensure that all School Safety Committees are well trained. Training includes school educators and support staff.

Careersportal

ANGELA VORSTER|

Twenty-three people will die from suicide today in South Africa. Another 460 South Africans will try to end their lives today. They are from different cultural groups, different income groups, attained different levels of education, speak different languages, range in age from childhood through to elderly, have different genders and sexual orientations. These people have very little in common except that their lives all ended due to the final symptom of an illness. People who experience thoughts of ending their lives describe this mental space as feeling grey.

Their thoughts tend to keep returning to the futility of being alive, what a burden they are to those around them, how nothing will ever get better and that nobody can help them. They tend to experience feelings of worthlessness, self-hatred, guilt, hopelessness, immense sadness and despair. Their suffering and emotional pain are excruciating. Nothing is enjoyable anymore. There is nothing to look forward to.

Everything is difficult, boring, scary or meaningless. Inwardly they are drowning. But very often they smile, do their job and pass their exams, go on dates and vacations, make plans for the weekend and check up on their loved ones. They look happy in their photos. And when someone asks them if they are okay they say yes. Because they don’t feel like they deserve to feel better. They don’t want to be a bother. They might not call a helpline or make an appointment to see a psychologist or go to their GP for anti-depressants.

Because they just don’t have the energy. It’s exhausting pretending to be fine all day. The one thought that brings relief is that they can end this pain. And one day they do. And their colleagues, friends and family are left reeling with shock and disbelief. How could this have happened? How could they have missed the signs? What should they have done differently to prevent this? 

The causes are as complex and varied

This is the purpose of World Suicide Prevention Day which takes place internationally each year on 10 September and through which the International Association for Suicide Prevention endeavours to increase awareness of suicidality, as well as to fight the stigma associated with suicide. Wanting to die can occur along with many other symptoms and disorders including, but not limited to, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, psychotic disorders, personality disorders and substance dependence or abuse disorders. The causes are as complex and varied as the manner in which suicidality may present.

It is dangerous to regard only certain signs and symptoms as indicative of suicide risk, because we know that suicide can be extremely unpredictable. There is no way to tell if someone is a suicide risk based purely on their behaviour. However there are certain factors which may indicate an increased risk for self-harm. These include, but are not limited to, having previously tried to end their life, having a psychiatric illness, being seriously ill or having chronic pain or the misuse of substances. Experiencing legal, relationship, financial or academic stressors may increase suicide risk, as well as having access to lethal means to end their life along with being unable to access mental health care. 

So what can you do if you think someone may be at risk of self-harm? Say something. Talk to them. Tell them what you are worried about and give them the space to express how they feel without judgment or condemnation. Reach out to their support system and share your concerns with them. Encourage the suicidal person to make contact with a health care professional – this can be a psychologist, GP, psychiatrist, social worker, psychiatric nurse, counsellor or a suicide prevention help line. Other important members of our community who provide a great deal of assistance to suicidal people and their families include religious and spiritual leaders, teachers, support groups and employee assistance programmes.

There are actually so many ways and places to receive health care and support; however the most significant barrier to making use of these resources is sustained by the stigma associated with suicide and mental illness. In our culture of toxic positivity where our photos are touched up, our statuses updated and our successes plastered on various social media platforms, the authentic act of acknowledging when we feel defeated, unhappy or like a failure has become a rarity. The more real, honest and vulnerable we can be about our ‘undesirable’ emotions and experiences, the more space we create for those around us to do the same. When we normalise not being okay at all times, we give ourselves and others permission to speak up when we need help. And this is our greatest weapon against suicide – authentic connection.

What suicide is not

We’ve explored what it may feel like to be suicidal, now let’s focus on what suicide is not. Suicide is not a moral failing. It is not because the person was weak or selfish, it is not because their family was dysfunctional or their faith not strong enough. Suicide is the final symptom of mental illness – and every single person is vulnerable to experiencing suicidal thoughts. Each one of us will be affected by suicide during the duration of our lives, either directly or indirectly. This is irrespective of how successful you are, how supportive your family is or how strong your religious convictions are. Dying by suicide is not a shame. It is not a failure. It is no different to a patient dying from any other disease. And just like any other illness there are symptoms we can look out for and treatments and medications that can assist in recovery. 

Please think before you speak about someone who died due to suicide. I guarantee that at least one person in the conversation has suffered the pain of losing someone in this way. But you probably wouldn’t even know, because stigma silences. Stigma disconnects and alienates those who need support the most. Our words have the power to shame and silence, or to empower and encourage connection, which is lifesaving.

Treat each conversation as though there may be someone present who is having suicidal thoughts or is working through the loss of someone they love due to suicide. Often we want to reach out and support families affected by suicide, but don’t because we are afraid of offending, or upsetting or because we ourselves are so uncomfortable with mental illness. But all these survivors of suicide need from you is your calm, empathetic, kind presence, a safe space to express difficult and messy emotions. Without being blamed or shunned or shamed. Support suicide survivors as though a terrible illness took the life of their loved-one. Because that is exactly what happened. 

On 10 September this year I encourage you to light a candle and place it in your windowsill around 8pm wherever you are. This is in remembrance of those lost to mental illness and to show your support to those they left behind. In the words of the International Association of Suicide Prevention: “By encouraging understanding, reaching in and sharing experiences, we want to give people the confidence to take action. To prevent suicide requires us to become a beacon of light to those in pain. You can be the light.”

• If you or someone you know is at risk of self-harm please take a look at these websites and call the SADAG suicide emergency helpline.

Opinion article by Angela Vorster, Clinical Psychologist at the School for Clinical Medicine, University of the Free State.

SOUTH Africa’s MeerKAT radio telescope array has chalked up yet another astronomical first. A team of South African and international astronomers has used MeerKAT to, for the first time, measure the neutral hydrogen gas (which is the material that forms and fuels stars) around galaxies as they were four-billion years ago. (Or, in other words, galaxies that lie four billion light years from Earth.) Neutral hydrogen gas is the most abundant material in the universe.

“For the first time, the team were able to measure the hydrogen gas for galaxies of different sizes and star formation activity to determine how the fuel content relates to other observable properties of galaxies four-billion years in the past,” highlighted University of Cape Town eResearch rirector Professor Mattia Vaccari.

“These were compared to galaxies in the present day.”

And the results of the comparison surprised the astronomers. They had expected that galaxies four-billion years ago would have more neutral hydrogen gas in and around them than younger, closer galaxies would have. This was because it was thought that a lot of the neutral hydrogen gas would be consumed by the processes of star formation. What they discovered was that these older, more remote galaxies had similar amounts of the gas to younger, closer galaxies. This, in turn, signals that galaxies can and do replenish their ‘reservoirs’ of neutral hydrogen gas.

“We were thrilled to exploit the potential of MeerKAT to improve our understanding of the cold gas in distant galaxies,” said study lead author and University of Padova (Italy) PhD candidate Francesco Sinigaglia. “We believe this study represents a strong step forward in the field, as it delivers new pieces of information on hydrogen in galaxies, never obtained before.”

his research was only possible because of the existence of MeerKAT and used radio wavelength data from the MeerKAT International GigaHertz Tiered Extragalactic Exploration (MIGHTEE) project (an international large astronomical survey), supplemented by data from optical telescopes. The data was processed by South Africa’s Inter-University Institute for Data Intensive Astronomy (IDIA).

“The data taught us a lot about the processing challenges involved and was an important testbed for coordinating science projects,” affirmed IDIA associate director for astronomy computing and MIGHTEE-Neutral Hydrogen co-chair Dr Bradley Frank. “Francesco’s science result is the perfect validation for our processing strategy and teamwork, providing an exciting glimpse of the future of MIGHTEE.”

Other members of the research team included Sinigaglia’s PhD supervisor, University of Padova Associate Professor Giulia Rodighiero, and University of Western Cape astronomer Dr Ed Elson. “This is wonderful fundamental science, made possible by South Africa building the most powerful telescope of its kind in the world, thereby attracting international collaboration with South Africans at the very top level,” emphasised South African Radio Astronomy Observatory MD Dr Rob Adam.

Engineering News

WENDY MOTHATA|

SOUTH AFRICA’S ability to reverse rising levels of unemployment and poverty depends on its progress to deliver training and skills development programmes that address today’s challenges.

This is according to Deputy President David Mabuza, who was speaking in his capacity as the Chairperson of the Human Resource Development Council (HRDC) at the Sedibeng TVET College in Vereeniging, Gauteng.

“Apart from those in the schooling and training system, the reality is that we have an unsustainably high number of unemployed young people. Something drastic needs to happen,” he said.

Citing the Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) data, he said the country’s unemployment rate stood at 33.9% in the second quarter of the year, with almost 12.3 million jobless people.

“Most concerning is that 35.7% of youth between the ages of 15 and 24 are classified as not being in employment, education, or training.”

He has since urged the Council to put measures in place to ensure that those who have lost employment and learning opportunities can bounce back.

According to the Deputy President, this could be made possible through a package of skills development interventions that will create viable options in life.

“What the COVID-19 pandemic has taught us is that certain jobs may not come back as we know them.”

He said the Council needs to look at working with industry to design targeted skills programmes that will facilitate the absorption of youth into entrepreneurship and employment.

“Many a time, we keep deliberating on our challenges, and we make undertakings to change course, but very little is done to implement all the good resolutions that we take to change the situation,” the Deputy President said.

To this end, he called on the body to finalise the programme of action immediately.

He urged members to reflect on whether their work will produce skills that are appropriate for citizens to thrive in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR).

“Instead of trying to do everything, we should reflect on how we prioritise and select a portfolio of interrelated national high impact interventions or projects to deliver tangible results for our country.”

More critically, Mabuza said the Council needed to mobilise necessary financial resources from government and the private sector to drive these initiatives.

“How do we ensure that the HRDC strategy responds to the current job seekers and those pursuing entrepreneurship?”

He emphasised that the programme of action should lead to the realisation of a better environment for learning and training.

“With proper education and training, we can move forward as a country.”

Business skills

He told the delegates that the evolving nature of doing business has set in motion the shifting content of skills and capabilities needed to build and grow a sustained modern economy.

“It requires a quick paradigm shift and reorientation to realign the content of our curriculum offerings and skills development programmes so that we can respond to the demands of industry and the economy,” he said.

In addition, he said the 4IR, National Digital and Future Skills Strategy provides a critical framework for inclusive partnerships between industry, labour, higher education institutions and society to imagine and build a new set of skills and capabilities for the country.

“From the foundations of basic education to tertiary levels, key resources and infrastructure must be provided to accelerate the provision of relevant and appropriate skills.”

He said he was encouraged by the Sedibeng TVET College with prides itself on new cutting-edge research and technology in disciplines like mechatronics.

He thinks that the combination of mechanical engineering, electronics and computer systems will go a
long way in developing the skills required as a country and growing the economy.

“As the Council, we need to ensure that all our TVET Colleges have strategic partnerships with industry
players across all economic sectors,” he said.

Digital divide

Meanwhile, he said the country needed to bridge the digital inequality gap, especially among unskilled
and low-income citizens, especially amongst women and girls.

He raised concerns about the 750 000 learners who did not return to school due to the pandemic.

“These increasing dropout rates, compound the already high number of young people that are not in
education, employment, and training.”

He also highlighted how COVID-19 exacerbated the issue of the digital divide in society.

“While other schools in affluent areas were able to continue learning during COVID-19, those who have
no access to ICT have been disadvantaged, thus lagging, hence our call for the mobilisation of requisite
resources from the government and private sector to jointly drive these initiatives,” Mabuza said.

INSIDE EDUCATION

THE Mpumalanga Department of Education is positive that Ubuhle Buzile E-Learning programme, which was launched in April by Premier, Refilwe Mtshweni Tsipane, is revolutionizing the delivery of teaching and learning within the province.

The launch event coincided with the delivery of 55000 tablets for Grade 12 learners and 6700 laptops for teachers in the quintiles 1 to 3 schools.

Speaking at that occasion, an elated Mtsweni-Tsipane said: “We are taking a giant leap in the educational field today, with Ubuhlebuzile secondary school, as the base to launch the e-Learning Programme. It gives me pleasure to be a part of this history-making moment, joining hands with the community of Mkhondo Municipality, as our provincial government is making this bold move.”

“This is evidence of our commitment in equipping the Grade 12 Class with the tools that will optimise their learning. There is more to these technological tools, that we are handing over today: They are the fruits that stem from the 4th industrial revolution era that we are in; They are catalysts of change that to thrust both learners and teachers into a digital age in which their
capacity will be elevated to national standards.”

The gadgets will optimise the quality of learning across the province and through this initiative.

“We will move a step closer to attaining the ideals of the Strategic Framework for Schooling 2030, Mpumalanga Vision 2030, The African Union: Agenda 2063 and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and provide quality, effective and non-colonial education to the children of our beautiful Province,” said Mtsweni-Tsipane.

“We are a first step towards the realisation of our vision to ensure a “One Tablet-One Learner” for the
benefit of our children.”

These sentiments were confirmed by Sibongile Irene Gondwe, Principal of Sitintile Secondary School, who lauded E-Learning being introduced at her school from January 2022.

“As a school, we’re under the Mathematics, Science and Technology Academy aligned schools whereby, e-Learning assists a lot,” Gondwe said.

Gondwe said that since the tablets were introduced to the learners after a two-year Covid-19 pandemic challenge, they are certain that they will make it at the end of the year because of the progressive support considering that learners are able to access all information whether they are at school, in the bus or car and at home.

“A learning environment has been created for them around the clock. We are definitely going to improve our pass rate since we’ve got these gadgets which are assisting teaching and learning at school and other social spaces. Learners are also able to download past examination question papers to acquaint themselves with how to approach their examinations at all costs,” Gondwe said.

“I must say there’s open communication between learners and educators through this system as WhatsApp messages are exchanged between learners and the educators at all times. So, we don’t have a huge problem in terms of communication. We will definitely improve our pass mark from last year’s 69% to 85% because we have put all strategies in place to ensure we succeed.”

The principal said that there are many strategies in place that have profiled the learners according to their abilities.

“We have streamlined them and have provided questionnaires to determine their abilities. The top learners will also be pushed to leverage up to Level 7 and go higher still. The learners on the border line will be provided the easy to answer questions, will be pushed from Level one to three, hence we’re confident of attaining our 85% and above, we will obtain it at the end of this academic year,” said Gondwe.

She asserted further that since the e-Learning was introduced and the gadgets distributed among the learners, learners are able to interact with their teachers and among themselves, too.

“They are able to, through WhatsApp, ask questions on things they require explanation. That is why I’ve said we’re gunning for 85% pass mark this year because there’s just a hive of activity between the teachers and learners. Above that, data is there and at school we’re controlling its usage in a good manner. We ensure that learners don’t come with their own gadgets, or cards, but stick to the ones supplied to them, hence this academic year, we’re going to receive good results, a thing that is very motivational, indeed,” she ended.

Thembeka Secondary School Principal, Mlungisi Khoza, said they are very excited about the E-Learning gadgets.

“As principals, I must confess that we were very excited because we foresaw that they would contribute a lot in enhancing learning and teaching at our schools. These tablets will go a long way in assisting learners in terms of resourcefulness. They replace the textbooks which would be lacking due to retrieval challenges, now the gadgets are closing that gap,” Khoza said.

“We did experience teething problems as this was something new for our schools. The learners got excited as some abused these gadgets by not using the available data the right way. It’s ensuring that the data provided is adequately used for learning and research purposes, including communicating with educators through WhatsApp and also communicating with their peers, discussing
and advising each other on subject matters. All subjects are covered on the system.”

A learner from Thembeka Secondary school, Njabulo Chauke, said: “When they were first introduced to us, we saw them as befitting to help us cover up for learning lost due to Covid-19. We found it to be packed up with a lot of learning material and study guides that came in handy for us to really get down to studying hard.”

“On the other hand, this system has come in handy because in the past, we used to experience lack of textbooks, but now we have all textbooks in our gadgets. I’m doing seven subjects which is Physical Science, Mathematics, Life Sciences, English, Life Orientation, among others,” Chauke said.

Nhlanhla Madonsela, a learner from Sitintile High School, said: “The tablets have come in very handy for me and I’ve been embroiled in all its activities they have really assisted me a lot. We are able to browse the internet. It has enhanced my learning abilities as it provides textbooks which are more useful study guides. I improved my pass mark for Mathematics, for instance, from 43 to 76%. I’m optimistic that our school will attain a 100% pass rate this year because of the wealth of study material available in these tablets,” she stated.

INSIDE EDUCATION

GILLIAN ANSTEY|

AROUND 900 people attended the three online public webinars presented last week to clarify the new Draft Policy for the Recognition of South African Higher Education Institutional Types. The online engagements were led by the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) in collaboration with Universities South Africa (USAf).

Each webinar comprised a presentation by Mr Mahlubi Chief Mabizela, Chief Director responsible for Higher Education Policy and Research Support in the DHET, and a discussion session. The first webinar was for private higher education institutions, the second for public ones, and the third for the general public, a grouping which still attracted way over 100 participants.

These were the right platforms for questions

Mabizela asked the online participants to use the webinars — rather than their written submissions to the department — as an opportunity to ask questions. “Because when you are submitting, you are projecting your views, you are stating what you think. And if you ask questions in your submission, we are not going to be able to answer them,” he said. Otherwise, there was no specified format for submissions. Comments on the draft policy may be submitted until 8 September 2022, as the Government Gazette was published on 8 August 2022.

He said his presentation at the webinars was designed purely to explain the content of the policy and not to change or influence any ideas. He pointed out that the list of annexures at the end of the draft policy indicated various forms still being developed. The number of annexures might increase, but any such changes would not affect the policy itself. This article, therefore, supplements a previous one titled The Draft Policy for the Recognition of South African Higher Education Institutional Types is not as disruptive as some perceive it to be.

“Every input or comment is important. We, therefore, request you to make comments as clearly as possible and not leave them ambiguous.” He also invited the audience to suggest elements of interest that were not yet covered in the draft policy.

Dr Linda Meyer, USAf’s Director: Operations and Sector Support, assured the audience that the Draft Policy for the Recognition of South African Higher Education Institutional Types was a process. She said the DHET had been very open about inclusions that needed to be made, hence this rigorous engagement for information sharing and “to get particular questions that they can respond to.”

The process after 8 September 2022

First, the department would revise the draft based on the public comments. The policy had generated so much attention that they expected many submissions and could not anticipate how long this revision would take. They would then submit this public input to the Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation for the SEIAS process, a Social-Economic Impact Assessment. The policy had already undergone the initial assessment during the drafting process. This final SEIAS process could involve some to-ing and fro-ing to ensure the policy had no negative impacts. Then either during this process or on its completion, the Minister, Dr Blade Nzimande, has a mandatory consultation with the Council on Higher Education (CHE), which might decide to appoint a committee of some sort to analyse the policy further or even call for submissions from the DHET or others.

“I am trying to illustrate that there may be another consultation process. Given this policy’s attention, it is possible that it may be submitted to Cabinet before it goes out for publication. That will be the Minister’s decision,” said Mabizela.

The target deadline is before April 2023

The DHET wants the policy to be finalised by April next year. One of the reasons was that “public nursing colleges have been knocking at our door wanting to be classified as one of the types of higher education institutions.” Mabizela explained that these colleges currently fall under the Department of Health, not DHET, and that some are already offering Bachelor’s degrees in collaboration with universities. However, they cannot be recognised as higher education providers without a “type” of an institution to fall under – a transition which requires specific legal compliances.

The DHET had already published in a Gazette in 2019, that nursing colleges could offer Bachelor’s degrees from January 2020. A joint technical team had been established between the two government departments to facilitate the outstanding legal, administrative and technical processes to declare them higher education colleges. According to the draft policy, this type of institution focuses on undergraduate and skills development programmes.

A similar process with the DHET’s joint technical team had been established for public agricultural colleges. The National Working Group on Institutional Mergers had already identified a need for this as far back as 2003, at the inception of the higher education mergers.

Higher education colleges and research

Mabizela said the DHET had already received questions about why higher education colleges — one of the new types of institutions in the draft policy — were not allowed to do research. He said while these institutions could do research, it was not part of their mandate. “In public institutions, research is subsidised,” he said. Higher education colleges would not be subsidised for carrying out research, given that it is not part of their requirements. “However, they are still welcome to do research.”

The aim is to create synergy between types of higher education institutions

Mabizela said one of the aims of the new draft policy was to create channels of movement of students from one type of institution to another — a process known as articulation. So, a student could start at a higher education college and finish at a university. “That way, we are also trying to expand access and make the curriculum accessible to students, to promote the development of a flexible learning system progressively encompassing the entire sector,” he said.

The policy is not about downgrading institutions

He said the media had focused on the policy as a means of downgrading institutions from one type to another. Still, there was no evidence or insinuation of this in the policy. “That is not to say it is impossible,” said Mabizela.

But the policy had not created the possibility of this. He said Section 65AB of the Higher Education Act of 1997 states that the Minister may, at the request of the Council of the institution concerned, and after consultation with the CHE, and by notice in the Government Gazette, amend or remove any restrictions on the scope and operations of a higher education institution.

“So, the Minister can close a public higher education institution now. It has always been there, since 1997,” he said.

“If you want to look at it in terms of a downgrade, yes, it allows for that, but it is also possible to change from a higher education college to a university college and from a university college to a university. So, it cuts both ways.

“This policy is not introducing anything new other than higher education colleges (which have a relatively limited range and scope) and university colleges (which are universities in the making). Nothing else,” he said.

Mr Mabizela commented on the high attendance numbers and the delegates’ active engagement. He extended his gratitude to USAf for organising these events.

USAF

THE South African Reserve Bank, in partnership with the Department of Basic Education, has announced the finalists and winners of the 2022 Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) Schools Challenge.

Marais Viljoen High School in Alberton, Gauteng, was announced as the overall winner.

Each participating learner from the school walked away with R16,000 as well as an iPad for each learner and the educator.

The Horizon High School from Turffontein, Gauteng, took the second spot.

They were followed by Paarl Girls’ High School from the Western Cape.

The SA Reserve Bank and the DBE introduced the MPC Schools Challenge to expose learners to the processes of the MPC in determining the repo rate.

The project offers an exciting opportunity for Grade 12 Economics learners and their teachers to become “members” of the monetary policy Committee for a few weeks.

“We are pleased that 225 schools attended the briefing sessions for learners and teachers, and 102 schools submitted essays that are required to proceed to the next level of the competition. These essays are prepared in the same format as the SARB MPC statement. The statement must reflect global and domestic economic conditions and factors, and reflect the decision of the learners on its Monetary Policy stance,” said SARB Governor Lesetja Kganyago.

He said the quality of their essays and presentations were evidence that the objective of expanding the understanding of monetary policy is being achieved.

“To our learners, remember that nothing of value comes without an effort. Your presence here as finalists bears testimony to your commitment, hard work and dedication. We encourage you to pursue careers in the field of economics and central banking,” he said.

Basic Education Minister Angie Motshekga said the Monetary Policy Committee Schools Challenge demystified the role and functions of the Reserve Bank.

“In other words, the winning team inadvertently become the bank’s ambassadors, explaining the role of the bank and monetary policy to their communities,” she said.

“Thus (they are) assisting in public education about inflation, financial markets and banking, among others. It is also good for our learners as it broadens their career options while planting a seed of the importance of economics and mathematics in everyday life of our country.”

The competition was initially piloted with 70 Gauteng schools in 2012 and has grown to a national competition which includes well over 400 schools and has impacted more than 1,800 students across all nine provinces.

The MPC Schools Challenge was launched in 2012 with 70 schools in Gauteng participating.

To date, it has reached over 3, 200 learners in over 400 schools.

INSIDE EDUCATION

SOUTH Africa faces a serious reading challenge as a study suggests that quite a large amount of South African learners in primary school are unable to read to understand.

In the 2016 Progress In International Reading Literacy (PIRLS) study which tested reading comprehension of learners who were in their fourth year of primary schooling, South Africa ranked last out of the 50 countries that participated.

The study also found that 78 percent of South African learners in primary school are unable comprehend and understand what they are reading.

Many have expressed some of the aspects that have contributed to the heightened figures are limited access to books and that South Africa needs to cultivate a stronger culture for books and reading.

To tackle the crisis, the Department Of Basic Education (DBE) launched the One Million Storybooks Project which is aimed at improving the reading culture in South Africa.

The project is aimed to take it beyond just the technical aspects of enabling learners to read and read for meaning, but to make further advancements on the culture of reading in the country. 

National Education Collaboration Trust (NECT) CEO Godwin Khoza explained that the project is a continuation of other initiatives that are aimed at contributing towards reversing terrible effects of low-level reading in schools and communities.

“During Covid together with the DBE we set off to develop 189 titles for young readers in African languages and those have been processed into a million books that we are busy delivering to kids in schools.“

Khoza says that the role of NECT is to connect with partners who wish to put more reading resources into schools and that it has partnered with several organisations such as Nal’ibali and Room To Read to distribute books to schools and communities.

NECT is exploring various ways to distribute reading materials, including compressing over 2000 storybooks into WhatsApp packages that could be shared on the platform making it easier for people to access, he adds.

It is also crucial that accelerated efforts are made to equip teachers with the necessary tools and resources for their task of teaching children to read. 

“Teachers are at the forefront of teaching children the technical aspects of reading, and although some teachers are doing it very well, there are others that need support”

Khoza says that in partnership with the DBE, they have taken about 110 000 teachers and school managers through a programme called the Primary School Reading Improvement Programme which is aimed at teaching the more technical aspects of how they should teach learners how to read.

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